Posted on November 17, 2020 by sergeyufe — Leave a comment

The most common infectious diseases of dogs

Viral diseases of dogs

The most common infectious diseases of dogs:

carnivore plague
Infectious tracheobronchitis (“skin cough complex”)
infectious hepatitis in dogs
Parvoviral enteritis
Rabies
Leptospirosis

Carnivorous plague (Carre disease)

is an Infectious disease of dogs caused by a virus, characterized by conjunctivitis, diarrhea, nervous phenomena, suppression of the immune system, with a long course.

Infection:

Infection occurs in several ways: orally (alimentary), aerogenically through the discharge of sick dogs. Sick animals secrete the virus for up to 3 months. Indirect transmission (through clothing, dishes, food) also occurs, but is less significant.

The incubation period is 3-6 days. Possible intrauterine infection, when puppies fall ill after the disappearance of maternal immunity in 4-6 weeks.

Virus isolation:

All secretions of a sick animal are contagious, and can remain so for up to 8 weeks.

Dogs that have been infected with the carnivore plague virus remain immune to it for the rest of their lives.

Symptoms:

fever, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, purulent discharge from the eyes and nose, tonsillitis, pharyngitis. Pregnant females have abortions.

In addition to the above there are also specific forms of manifestation of this viral infection:

gastrointestinal form-defeat of the gastrointestinal tract
respiratory form-bronchopneumonia develops, sometimes with severe shortness of breath and collapse of blood circulation
eye changes – photophobia, uveitis, keratitis with ulceration is often observed. In severe cases
, skin blindness occurs – the formation of blisters and pustules with severe hyperemia (redness) in the lower abdomen, on the inner side of the thighs and ears. Otitis externa is also possible. Plague can be good for demodectic mange
nervous form of plague-occurs after the respiratory form fades, rarely simultaneously; it is manifested by epileptic seizures, convulsive contractions of the chewing muscles, mental disorders, Manege movement, TIC, ataxia, paresis, paralysis
hyperkeratosis of the finger crumb-a rare form of carnivorous plague that occurs during the 2nd week of the disease or after it.

Prognosis:

Cautious in respiratory and intestinal forms, uncertain in the nervous form without temperature, unfavorable in severe pneumonic and febrile, nervous forms.

Prevention:

With the help of consistent vaccination prevention, the incidence of plague can be kept under control. Puppies are usually vaccinated at the age of 8 weeks and after 3-4 weeks with a combined vaccine.

Infectious tracheobronchitis (“captive children”, “kennel cough”).

Heterogeneous complex of primary viral and secondary bacterial infections of the upper respiratory tract. Since these diseases are not limited to nurseries, it is more correct to talk about infectious lariongotracheobronchitis.

The types of viruses vary from country to country, with each outbreak, and are related to the type of dog keeping (isolated or group). Quite often, this disease can be complicated by secondary infections (pathogens of which can be Bordetella, streptococci, staphylococci, pasteurels, klebsiels, mycoplasmas, etc.).

Infection:

occurs by airborne droplets and rapidly covers the entire dog population.

The incubation period can last from 2 to 30 days .

Symptoms and course of the disease:

Hidden infections. With clinically manifested uncomplicated infections, a convulsive dry cough with or without disorders of the General condition, serous nasal discharge and tonsillitis come to the fore.

In most cases, the participation of dogs in an exhibition or competition, staying in an overexposure point, or an individual stressful situation (change of owner, transportation)

Complicated infection:

Additionally, fever, General disorders, and signs of pneumonia are detected.

Factors predisposing to a severe course of the disease are:

admission from the kennel, with a constantly changing composition of animals
multiple infections (suppression of the animal’s immunity)
lack of vaccination, incorrect vaccination
mass worm infestation and stress in young dogs
crowded content

Prognosis:

Is favorable, as in 7-14 days spontaneous recovery occurs, with the exception of weakened young dogs

Prevention:

Timely vaccination with a complex vaccine (which is based on the spectrum of pathogens in the affected areas).

Infectious hepatitis in dogs

Canine adenovirus 1 causes liver inflammation. It is related to adenovirus 2 (causes laryngotracheitis), so this disease has respiratory symptoms.

Isolation of the virus:

Begins from the 5th day through saliva, urine, feces, and with urine up to 6 months. In a low-temperature environment, the virus persists for up to 9 months. At room temperature for 3-11 days. For disinfection, 5% calcium chloride, sodium hydroxide, and iodine preparations are used.

Symptoms:

in most dogs, this disease is hidden.

Clinically, the disease manifests itself quite rarely and usually simultaneously with the plague of dogs (in young dogs).

Subacute or chronic course is characterized by subclinical and non-specific disorders.

Forecast:

In acute cases, the mortality rate in puppies is almost 100%. In adult dogs, it falls by 10-50%

Prevention:

vaccination of dogs.

Parvovirus enteritis, parvovirosis.

Infection occurs through food contaminated with feces, a virus found on the fur of recovering animals, on clothing and care items.

The incubation period is 4-7 days before the onset of clinical symptoms. Isolation of the virus begins in 3-5 days (with feces) and sometimes lasts up to 25 days.

The virus persists in the environment for up to 6 months ( in feces). Isolation of the virus by dogs with a subclinical course is of particular importance for the spread of the disease.

Symptoms:

The main symptoms:

diarrhea
vomiting (persistent vomiting is characteristic even in recovering animals)
a decrease in temperature or Vice versa fever.
anorexia
weakness
severe dehydration
pain in the abdominal cavity.

Most animals die in the first 4 days of illness. After that, the chance of recovery increases. The duration of the disease is 1-2 weeks (on average). This disease can cause heart complications (myocarditis). Puppies with myocardial complications die from non-purulent myocardial necrosis, pulmonary edema, pleural effusion or ascites after shortness of breath, cyanosis, noisy breathing, suffocation, fever.

Prevention:

Timely vaccination at 12-14 weeks of life with revaccination at 16-18 weeks.

Then the annual vaccination.

Rabies

A dangerous disease that is zooanthroponosis (transmitted to humans).

It is always fatal, and is transmitted by biting or blinding damaged skin to sick animals.

At the moment (after the introduction of the anti-rabies vaccine), the main source of infection is wild animals.

Infection:

Occurs directly through the saliva of sick animals containing the virus, which through a bitten wound or abrasions on the skin gets into the muscle and then into the nerve tissue.

Not every bite leads to infection.

The incubation period is 14-60 days, in some cases it can be 6-12 months (according to some sources, up to 6 years).

Symptoms:

Paralysis, impaired coordination of movements. Atypical forms of flow have also become quite common (see below).

classic treatment in three stages

Prodromal stage. Behavior change (lasts from a few hours to 4 days): dogs are capricious, very friendly or Vice versa, avoid people, are timid, restless, try to hide, bark or bite unmotivated, itching may occur at the site of the bite and “catching flies”.
In the initiation phase. It is characterized by aggressiveness and wandering movements (violent form of rabies, lasts 1-4 days). Increased anxiety, mood swings, anorexia, gnawing of foreign objects, drooling, hoarse barking, increased aggressiveness and desire to run away, attacks on other dogs, possible violation of coordination of movement and epileptic seizures.
Paralytic or depressive form. 3-4 days before death, characterized by progressive paralysis.

“Silent rabies”

without the previous stage of arousal, paralysis develops. This form has become more common.

Symptoms: expressionless, dull look, the dog listlessly sits down anywhere; drooling, drooping lower jaw, hoarse voice, inability to eat; pupils of different shapes, there is a loss of the 3rd century, strabismus; in the end, paralysis of the trunk and death.

“Atypical rabies»

Chronic, lasting up to 3 months or more, subclinical course. Symptoms: diarrhea or possibly intestinal paralysis at the beginning, then paresis, motor disorders, depression, followed by temporary improvement. The diagnosis is made at the autopsy of the animal.

Prevention consists of annual vaccination of dogs. There are also vaccines for wild animals that have successfully proven themselves and led to the extinction of rabies among dogs in disadvantaged areas.

Leptospirosis

Leptospirosis is a common worldwide disease that is also dangerous for humans.

A person is not a distributor of leptospirosis, but can be infected with it through urine or blood. Infection occurs through direct contact with the urine of sick dogs or leptospiron carriers (the virus is isolated up to 4 years.) Without causing a local reaction, Leptospira penetrates the mucous membranes of the digestive or sexual apparatus, conjunctiva or skin damage, multiplies on the spot and enters the blood. The incubation period is 4-12 days. The isolation of Leptospira presumably begins on the 7th day.

Forms of course and symptoms:

Mild, atypical forms occur with fever, General disorders and weakness, but without organic manifestations or jaundice.

Acute, severe course can lead to death in 48-72 hours.

The liver and kidneys are affected (depending on the pathogen), kidney failure and gastrointestinal disorders develop. Some dogs recover, others develop a chronic form.

The chronic form of the course develops from acute forms as a result of irreversible disorders or occur due to the preservation of leptospir in the renal tubules or liver.

Symptoms:
persistent vomiting
acute renal failure
diarrhea
gastroenteritis
tonsillitis
stomatitis
dehydration
hemolysis
jaundice
Central nervous
system disorders circulatory
disorders shortness
of breath visual impairment
photophobia

Prognosis:

Depends mainly on the severity and course of kidney and liver damage.

Mortality in severe cases is about 30%.

Prevention:

Regular vaccination, preventing the dog from drinking from puddles and stagnant reservoirs.

Control of rodents that carry leptospirosis

Antibiotics for dogs are very effective vaccines for different types of parasites, some of them: Oxytetracycline, Tylosin, Doxycycline…

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Posted on September 27, 2019 by sergeyufe — Leave a comment

10 scary diseases pets give people

Your pets and your health

We love our pets. But sometimes they make us sick – literally. In fact, all sorts of animals – including dogs, cats, and farm animals – can spread illness to humans. Some so-called “zoonoses” are mild, but some can be serious or even fatal.

Here’s the dirt on 10 diseases animals can give you, based on information provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Catch scratch disease

A bacterial infection, cat scratch disease – a.k.a. cat scratch fever – can spread to humans via the bite or scratch of an infected feline. Most people with CSD develop a mild infection, though some get swollen lymph nodes, fever, and fatigue. The illness can be particularly severe for people with reduced immunity.

About 40% of cats carry the disease-causing bacterium B. henselae at some point. But be careful, as your cat probably won’t show signs of infection.

Psittacosis

People get psittacosis by breathing in dust from dried droppings of infected birds, so bird owners and pet store workers are at special risk. Though it’s commonly called parrot fever, psittacosis can also be spread by pigeons, ducks, turkeys, and other birds. The illness typically lasts one to three weeks, with symptoms including fever, chills, diarrhea, and dry cough. Not to worry, antibiotics can cure man and bird alike.

Brucellosis

Blood test and blood/tissue cultures. CT scan or MRI. Ultrasound. Lumbar puncture. Joint aspiration. Electrocardiogram.

Brucellosis strikes people and dogs as well as farm animals. It’ typically transmitted by drinking the milk of a contaminated cow or goat, although it’s also possible to get brucellosis if a cut on your skin comes into contact with an animal’s blood or saliva. The resulting illness causes pain and flu-like symptoms and is treated with antibiotics.

Tuberculosis

Humans can get TB from deer, cattle, and other animals – even elephants. In 2009, eight employees at an elephant sanctuary in Tennessee came down with TB – possibly after coming into contact with elephant waste or even germy elephant sneezes. TB symptoms include chest pain, cough, fever, and fatigue.

Cryptosporidiosis

Also known as crypto, cryptosporidiosis can spread to humans who have contact with the poop of an infected dog, cat, or farm animal. The parasitic disease can cause fever, nausea, abdominal cramps, vomiting, and diarrhea. Crypto generally goes away without treatment, unless the person’s immune system is compromised. Then it can be deadly.

Mad cow disease

Mad cow is the familiar name for bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), a deadly neurological disorder caused by virus-like infectious agents known as prions. Cows can get mad cow by eating feed made from the bodies of infected cattle, and humans get a mad cow variant by eating contaminated beef. The human variant progresses rapidly, destroying brain cells, causing dementia, memory loss, hallucinations, personality changes, seizures, and ultimately death.

Hookworm

Hookworm is a parasite that lives in the small intestines of infected dogs and cats. The animal hosts excrete hookworm eggs, and humans become infected after having contact with worm-containing soil (maybe something to think about before rolling around in the back yard with your favorite pooch). If the hookworm enters through the skin, a person can get painful itchy infections. If the worms are ingested, intestinal bleeding, inflammation, and abdominal pains are possible. The illness can be cured with anthelmintic (antiparasite) drugs.

Rabies

Rabies is, of course, the most notorious of all zoonotic diseases. It’s spread by a virus that is commonly found in raccoons, skunks, bats, and foxes. The disease can be spread by contact with saliva from an infected animal, whether from a wild animal or a pet dog that has had a brush with one. Rabies starts with flu-like symptoms. Without treatment, it leads to agitation, delirium, hallucinations, and partial paralysis. Worldwide, the disease causes 55,000 deaths a year. The rabies vaccine used to require painful shots to the abdomen, but the modern vaccine involves only three to five shots in the shoulder.

Toxoplasmosis

Humans contract toxoplasmosis when they come into contact with the feces of a cat infected with the Toxoplasma parasite. Though often mild, the disease can cause severe flu-like symptoms in children and in those with weakened immune systems. Since toxoplasmosis can affect fetal health, doctors say pregnant women should be especially careful around cats – and give up cleaning litter boxes.

Escherichia coli O157:H7

E. coli is the scientific name of a bacterium that causes a potentially serious illness marked by severe diarrhea, fever, cramps, nausea, and vomiting. People commonly get the disease by eating contaminated meat, but coming into contact with cow manure can also cause infection. Cooking meat thoroughly helps. So does washing your hands (or a child’s) after a trip to a ranch or petting zoo.

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Posted on September 25, 2019 by sergeyufe — Leave a comment

Human diseases that are dangerous for your dog or puppy

Human diseases that are dangerous for your dog or puppy

Everyone knows that after communicating with the animal, you need to wash your hands thoroughly to avoid infection. But few people realize that pets, after talking with people, also sometimes need to “wash their paws”. The fact is that there are human diseases that are dangerous for dogs!

Diseases common to humans and animals are called “anthropozoonoses.” In practice, of course, they are rare. More precisely, cases of infection of animals from humans are rare, but reverse situations are much more typical.
Most often, such a scenario is recorded in the poorest countries of the world, where people and almost semi-wild animals are in the same room all the time (and often eat from the same dishes). In addition, the category of anthropozoonoses includes very dangerous infectious diseases, the causative agents of which are characterized by a high degree of virulence. However, it is the latter reason that makes possible the manifestation of these pathologies in states with a much higher standard of living.
In addition, everyone needs to remember that if some of the diseases described below are detected, they should immediately notify the medical organizations and the sanitary-epidemiological service of the area where sick people and animals live! Many of the pathologies listed below are deadly, their foci should be immediately eliminated!

Disease 1 – Anthrax

Infectious disease of humans and animals, accompanied by the development of severe, acute fever. The causative agent belongs to the class of bacilli. Its peculiarity is the formation of very stable capsules, which in the external environment can persist for decades, or even centuries (in places with permafrost). Infection usually occurs by contact with decomposition products of corpses. Slaughterhouses and cattle cemeteries are especially dangerous, as well as areas where leather and wool processing enterprises were located in the past. In addition, there are cases of infection of people and animals in territories where military laboratories were located in the past.
Refers to diseases used as bacteriological weapons. Each case is immediately reported to the veterinary and medical services, as well as the bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. If at least one fact of infection is recorded (regardless of who is ill), quarantine is entered.
As for the infection of animals, this sometimes happens with the pets of the owners working in meat processing enterprises, as well as in light industry enterprises involved in the processing of wool and leather. The causative agent enters the body of animals through the mucous membranes, less often through damaged areas of the skin.
Fortunately, anthrax, although it belongs to the category of especially dangerous diseases, can be treated very simply and without much effort: old antibiotics of the penicillin series (except for the extremely dangerous acute pulmonary form) help a lot.

Disease 2 – Rabies

Just note that cases of transmission of rabies from person to animal science are unknown. But this is theoretically possible and it is possible that this happens in remote areas of Africa and Southeast Asia.
Rabies itself is a deadly and incurable disease after the onset of symptoms. Each of his cases is immediately notified not only of the veterinary but also of the medical service of a particular locality. With two or more episodes of infection, quarantine is entered. Rabies can occur in three forms: Wild, classic. It is characterized by severe aggression, fear of water, lack of appetite, and constant salivation. Paralytic, quiet form.

There is usually no aggression, an animal or person dies from complete muscle paralysis.

Atypical rabies. It is characterized by gastrointestinal lesions.

There is no treatment. The only way to protect is vaccination. Strictly required for people working with animals or in conditions where contact with wild/stray animals is possible

Disease 3 – Leptospirosis

In contrast to both of the above diseases, leptospirosis is transmitted more often from people to animals. The causative agent is excreted in the urine, and therefore the dog may well get sick by drinking from a puddle that the sick person had relieved before.
The disease is characterized by severe intermittent fever, high body temperature, blood appears in the urine of a sick dog (or person), and yellowness of mucous membranes and even skin is characteristic. It is treated using antibiotics.

Disease 4 – Psittacosis

Avian pathology, which is often transmitted both from animals to humans, and vice versa. In birds, it often is asymptomatic, but in humans, it is accompanied by severe chills, weakness, and apathy. Ill breeders can infect their pets, as the virus is transmitted by airborne droplets. As in the past case, antibiotics are prescribed (they will not kill the virus itself, but will prevent the development of secondary infections).